The National Artists of the Philippines for Literature

 

Amado V. Hernandez 

Biography:

    

        Amado V. Hernandez was born in Hagonoy, Bulacan on September 13, 1903, who also grew up most of his life in Tondo, Manila Philippines where he continued his studies at the Manila High School and at the American Correspondence School. Armando was an exquisite Filipino writer as well as being a reporter, columnist, and editor of several newspapers and magazines. Some of his works may include Watawat, Mabuhay, Pilipino, Makabayan, and Sampaguita. Moreover, he then received the Republic Cultural Heritage Award and an award from the National Press Club for his journalistic achievements. In the year 1947, Amado has become the president of the Congress of Labor Organization (CLO). His involvement in the communist movement and other activities has led him to his imprisonment from the year 1951 to 1956. Although he was in prison, Amado was still a leader and artists in his own way  through education programs, musical productions, plays, and poetry reading. It is was only in his imprisonment that he wrote his now famous masterpiece called the "Mga Ibong Mandaragit" (Predatory Birds). These writings were later smuggled out of prison by his wife. Amada V. Hernandez was teaching at the University of the Philippines when he died on March 24, 1970. 

Awards:

• National Artist of the Philippines
• Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for One-act Play in Filipino

Famous Works:

• Kung Tuyo an and Luha Mo, Aking Bayan (2000)
• Luha ng Buwaya (1962)
• Mga Ibong Mandaragit (1969)
• Bullets and Roses: The Poetry of Amado V. Hernandez 

Francisco Arcellana

Biography:

       

        Francisco Arcellana was born in Manila, Philippines on September 6, 1916, who is a writer, poet, essayist, critic, journalist, and also a teacher. Francisco pioneered the development of the short story as a lyrical prose-poetic form. He first went to school that was located in Tondo. He came up with the idea of writing while he was at the Tondo Intermediate School but it was not until he started schooling at the Manila West High School that he took up writing actively. In the year 1932, Arcellana entered the University of the Philippines (UP) as a pre-medicine student and then graduated in 1039 with a bachelor of philosophy in degree. After Arcellana published his "Trilogy of the Turtles" in the Literary Apprentice, he was invited to join the UP Writers Club that was by Manuel Arguilla. Due to the war, it affected his education as it forced him to quit school temporarily. After the war, he continued to work in the media and also continued publishing his works. Because of his natural talent and skills in writing he began a career in the academe. He later joined the UP Department of English and Comparitive Literature. He served as an adviser of the Philippine Collegian and director of the UP Creative Writing Center in the year 1979-1982. Arcellana died in 2002, as he being a National Artist, he received a state funeral at the Libingan ng mga Bayani. 

Awards:

• Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Short Story

Famous Works:

• The Mats (1938)
• The Francisco Arcellana Sampler
• Through a Glass, Darkly
• Favorite Arcellana Stories

N. V. M. Gonzalez

Biography:

                N. V. M. Gonzales was born in Romblon, Philippines on September 8, 1915 but was raised in Mansalay which is a southern town of the Philippine province of Oriental Mindoro. Gonzales was a Filipino novelist, short story writer, essayist, and a poet. His parents were both educators which his father was a school supervisor and mother being a teacher. Gonzales studied in Mindoro High School and also helped his father in making deliveries for their meat business. In 1934, Gonzales joined the Veronicans in Manila which he later won the Philippine Graphic's literary contest for students for his essay commemorating Theodore Roosevelt's visit to Captain that same year. His first published essay appeared in the Philippine Graphic and also his first poem in the year 1934. Gonzales was later invited to teach English and the short story at the University of the Philippines after World War II ended. In 1948, he received a Rockefeller Foundation fellowship, which enabled him to study at Stanford University, which is the Kenyon School of English and Columbia University. He then became the chairperson of the first university of the Philippines Writer's workshop. He also became a professor of English and Asian-American literature at the University of Washington. In April 14, 1987, the University of the Philippines conferred on him the degree of Doctor of Humane Letters, honoris causa. In 1997 he was finally declared as a National Artists of the Philippines for Literature and later died on November 28, 1999 at the age of 84. His family later founded the NVM Gonzalez Awards for the short story in honor of N. V. M. Gonzales. 

        

Awards:

• Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Short Story

Famous Works:

• The bamboo dancers (1959)
• A season of grace (1959)
• The winds of April (1941)
• The bread of salt and other stories (1993)
• Mindoro and beyond (1979)
• The novel of justice (1996)

Nick Joaquin

Biography:

            Nick Joaquin was born in Paco, Manila on May 4, 1917, who was a novelist, poet, playwright, essayist, and biographer whose works showcase the diverse heritage on the Filipino people. After the World War II, Joaquin travelled to the United States, Mexico, and Spain. He was a well-known historian of the brief Golden Age of Spain in the Philippines as he was a writer of short stories, playwright, and also as a novelist. Nick Joaquin has also enriched the English language with critics coining "Joaquineque" to describe his baroque Spanish-flavored English. Joaquin's significance in the Philippine literature involves his exploration of the Philippine colonial past under Spain. After being honored as National Artist, Joaquin used his position to work for intellectual freedom in society. Nick Joaquin later died due to a cardiac arrest in the early morning of April 29, 2004 located in San Juan, Metro Manila. 

        

        

Awards:

• Ramon Magsaysay Award for Journalism, Literature, and Creative Communication Arts
• Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Full-length Play
• Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Short Story

Famous Works:

• The Woman Who Had Two Navels (1961)
• Cave and Shadows (1983)
• The Woman Who Had Two Navels and Tales of the Tropical Gothic (1972)
• Tropical Gothic (1972)
• A Question of Heroes (1977)
• Prose and poems (1952)
• Manila, My Manila: A History for the Young Nick Joaquin (1990)

F. Sionil Jose

Biography:

            F. Sionil Jose was born in Rosales, Pangasinan on December 3, 1924 but spent most of his childhood in Barrio Cabugawan, Rosales which is where he first began write. He tried to escape from poverty where he and his forefathers travelled from Ilocos towards Cagayan Valley through the Santa Fe Trail. They were one of many migrant families who had to bring their lifetime possessions with them. Jose attended the University of Santo Tomas after the World War II but dropped out of school to focus on writing and Journalism in Manila. Throughout the following years, Jose has edited various literary publications, journalistic publications, started a publishing house, and founded the Philippine branch of PEN, an international organization for writers. Jose has received several awards for his work. Jose's writings and his life has greatly influenced his works. Jose's writings focus on social justice and change to better the lives of average Filipino families. He is also one of the most critically acclaimed Filipino authors internationally. 

            

Awards:

• Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Short Story
• Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Novel in English
• Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Essay

Famous Works:

• Po-on (1984)
• The Pretenders (1962)
• Mass (1973)
• My Brother, My Executioner (1973)
• Tree (1978)
• Ermita (1988)
• Don Vicente: Two Novels (1999)
• The Samsons (2000)

Alejandro Roces

Biography:

            Alejandro Roces was born in Manila, Philippines on July 13, 1924. Roces attended school at Ateneo de Manila University and received a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree from Arizona State University. He was also given a Master of Arts Degree from Far Eastern University. Alejandro earned an honarary doctorates from Tokyo University, Baguio's St. Louis University, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, and the Ateneo de Manila University. The start of Roces' career was being a dean at the Institute of Arts and Science of Far Eastern University in 1955 and held it for seven years. Throughout the years, Roces has won numerous awards and later died on May 23, 2011 in Manila, Philippines. 

        

Awards:

• Patnubay ng Sining at Kalinangan Award
• Diwa ng Lahi Award
• Tanging Parangal of the Gawad CCP Para sa Sining
• Rizal Pro Patria Award

Famous Works:

• Something to Crow About Short Stories (1997)

Resil B. Mojares

Biography:

            

            Resil B. Mojares was born on September 4, 1943 who is a Filipino literature ambassador, historian, and critic. He published Brains of the Nation: Pedro Paterno, T.H. Pardo de Tavera, Isabelo de Los Reyes and the Production of Modern Knowledge which dealt with life and works of de Los Reyes. Resil B. Mojares is Professor Emeritus and former director of the Cebuano Studies Center. He is retired as Professor at the University of San Carlos ( University of Southern California) in Cebu City. He has served as visiting professor at the University of Wisconsin, University of Hawaii, and University of Michigan. He teaches at the University of San Carlos in Cebu City. He is a teacher, essayist, fictionist, cultural historian, and literary historian. Throughout the years. Mojares has published in diverse forms across a wide range of discipline. Currently, he has about 17 published books (3 more in the press) and written numerous articles for popular and scholarly publications. Resil B. Mojares later died on March 20, 2011 at the age of 98 at his German Province. 

 

        

 

Awards:

• Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Short Story

Famous Works:

• Waiting for Mariang Makiling (2002)
• Brains of the Nation: Pedro Paterno, T. H. Pardo de Tavera, Isabelo de Los Reyes, and the Production of Modern Knowledge (2006)
• Isabelo's Archive (2013)
• House of Memory: Essays (1997)
• Origins and rise of the Filipino Novel (1983)
• Interrogations in Philippine Cultural History: The Ateneo de Manila Lectures (2017)

Edith L. Tiempo 

Biography:

            Edith L. Tiempo was born in Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya on April 22, 1919. During her childhood, her family had to constantly move from one province to another because of her father's different asignments and postings. She then attended high school in Bayombong and went to take a pre-law at the University of the Philippines. In 1947 she would graduate magna cum laude from Silliman University with a Bachelor of Science degree in Education while majoring in English. Her studies led her to the State University of Iowa where she gained an internaitonal fellowship which lasted from 1947 to 1950. She also took part of the creative writing workship of her university which was headed by veritable American poet Paul Engle. Tiempo later received a scholarship grant from the notable United Board of Christian Higher Education in Asia and attained a doctorate degree in English from the University of Denver, Colorado in 1958. Edith Tiempo is proclaimed as one of the Philippines foremost writers in English alongside other seminal writers like Jose Garcia Villa . Her poetry is hailed for its witty and complex wordplay. This characteristics is most evident in two of her most famous poem’s “BONSAI” and “THE LITTLE MARMOSET.” Literary scholars often refer to either of these poems in their studies of Tiempo’s work. 

        

Awards:

• Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Poetry
• Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Short Story
• National Artist Award for Literature (1999)
• First prize, for Tracts of Babylon and Other Poems
• Second prize, a short story in English for "THE DAM"
• Third prize, Poetry in English (1951) for "BLACK MONKEY"

Famous Works:

• The tracks of Babylon, and other poems (1966)
• Abide, Joshua and Other Stories (1992)
• The Alien Corn: A Novel (1992)
• A Blade of Fern: A Novel about the Philippines (1978)
• The Charmer's Box: Poetry (1993)
• Six Poetry Formats and the Transforming Image: A Monograph on Free Verse (2007)
• Comment Content (2010)
• His Native Coast (1979)
• One Tilting Leaves (1995)
• The Builder (2004)

Virgilio S. Almario

Biography:

            Virgilio S. Almario was born in San Miguel, Bulacan, Philippine Commonwealth on March 9, 1994 who is better known as "Rio Alma". Alamario is a Filipino artist, poet, critic, translator, editor, teacher, and cultural manager. He is now a National Artist of the Philippines and currently serves as the chairman of the Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino (KWF), the government agency mandated to promote and standardize the use of the Filipino language. His life as a poet started when he took master’s course in education at the University of the East where he became associated with Rogelio G. Mangahas and Lamberto East. Antonio. A prolific writer, he spearheaded the second successful modernist movement in Filipino poetry together with Rogelio Mangahas and Teo Antonio. His earliest pieces of literary criticism were collected in Ang Makata sa Panahon ng Makina (1972), now considered the first book of literary criticism in Filipino. As critic, his critical works deal with the issue of national language. Aside from being a critic, Almario engaged in translating and editing. Later, in the years of martial law, he set aside modernism and formalism and took interest in nationalism, politics and activist movement. He was a founding member of the Gallan sa Arte at Tula (GAT), along with fellow poets Teo Antonio and Mike Bigornia.

        

Awards:

• Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Poetry in Filipino
• Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Essay in Filipino

Famous Works:

• Filipino ng mga Filipino: Mga asterisko sa istandard ng ispeling, estilo sa pagsulat, at paraan ng pagpapayaman sa wikang pambansa (1993)
• The Turtle and The Monkey (1986)
• UP Diksiyonaryong Filipino (2001)
• The Love of Lam-ang (1983)
• 101 Filipino Icons (2007)
• Seven Mountains of the Imagination (2010)
• Palipad-Hangin (1985)
• Katon Para sa Limang Pandama (1987)
• Sentimental (2004)
• Estremelenggoles (2004)

Carlos P. Romulo

Biography:

            Carlos P. Romulo was born in Camiling, Tarlac on January 14, 1898 who is a Filipino diplomat, statesman, soldier, journalist, and author. Romulo is known for his activities on behalf of the Allies during World War II and his later work with the United Nations. In 1931 Romulo was made editor in chief of TVT Publications, comprising three newspapers, one in English, one in Spanish, and one in Tagalog. In 1937 he became publisher of another chain of newspapers. In 1941 Romulo won the Pulitzer Prize for Peace for his prewar evaluations of the military situation in the Pacific area. He returned to the Philippines with U.S. forces in 1945. In 1948 he served as president of the United Nations Conference on Freedom of Information in Geneva. Romulo was president of the General Assembly of the UN (1949–50) and in 1950 became secretary of foreign affairs of the Philippines. In 1952 he was named ambassador to the United States. No longer satisfied with the politics of the incumbent Liberal Party, he decided in 1953 to run for the presidency of the Philippines on a third-party ticket. He later died on December 15, 1985 in Manila, Philippines at the age of 87. 

Awards:

• Boy Scouts of America Silver Buffalo Award
• World Government News First Annual Gold Nadal Award (March 1947)
• Woodrow Wilson Memorial Foundation Gold Medal Award (May 1947)
• World Peace Award
• Four Freedoms Peace Award
• Hero of the Republic Award (1984)

Famous Works:

• I Walked with Heroes (1961)
• Mother America: A Living Story of Democracy (1943)
• Crusade in Asia (1955)
• The Magsaysay Story (1956)
• Last man off Bataan (1943)
• Mr. United Nations (1983)

Rolando S. Tinio

Biography:

            Rolando S. Tinio was born in Tondo, Manila Philippine Commonwealth on March 5, 1937 who is a playwright, thespian, poet, teacher, critic, and translator. Tinio was a great Filipino poet and was a National Artist for Theater and Literature. Tinio was also in the first group of inductees into the Palanca Hall of Fame in 1995. Belonged to the anti-Romantic group of Tagalog poets known as the Bagay (Object) group who describe things and avoid giving interpretations. The Grandmother describes a senile, cranky grandmother; this poem gives a glimpse into the ways of a typical Filipino household at dusk when the Angelus prayer is announced. He later died on July 7, 1997 in Manila, Philippines at the age of 60. 

        

Awards:

• Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Poetry 
• Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Full-length Play
• Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Poetry in Filipino
• Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for One-act Play
• Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for One-act Play in Filipino
• Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Essay in Filipino

Famous Works:

• A matter of language (1990)
• Kristal na uniberso (1989)
• A Trick of Mirrors: Seleted Poems in English and Tagalog (1991)
• May katwiran ang katwiran at iba pang dula (2001)

Ramon L. Muzones 

Biography:

            Ramon L. Muzones was born in Iloilo City on March 20, 1913 who is a Hiligaynon poet, essayist, short story writer, critic, grammarian, editor, lexicographer, and novelist who authored an unprecedented 61 completed novels. tty. Ramon L. Muzones was a lawyer by profession, a newspaper man and was elected to public office as councilor of Iloilo City from 1963 to 1971. But it was writing in the vernacular that he excelled most. He first wrote “The Ten Bornean Datus” which was published in the Philippine Free Press when he was 19 years old. He was well-established and respected among his peers, having founded in 1948 Sumakwelan (Guild of Ilonggo Writers) which still subsists to date with retired MTC Judge Nilo Pamonag as its present head. The select group has membership from all Ilonggo-speaking regions, Negros, Cebu, Mindanao, and will be celebrating its 70th Foundation Day this December. His novels written in pure Ilonggo attracted national acclaim and he was cited as an Outstanding Awardee of the Writers’ Union of the Philippines and received its Literary Achievement Award in 1988. He later died on August 17, 1992. 

     

Awards:

• Gawad Bonifacio sa Panitikan Centennial Award given by the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (1997).
• In 2018 he was honored as an Ilonggo National Artist of the Philippines for Literature.

Famous Works:

• Shri-Bishaya (1969)
• Malala nga Gutom (Malignant Hunter, 1965)
• Babae Batuksa Kalibutan (Woman Against the World, 1959)
• Ang Gugma sang Gugma Bayaran (Love with Love Be Paid, 1955)
• Si Tamblot (1948)
• Margosatubig (1946)

Bienvenido Lumbera

Biography:

            Bienvenido Lumbera was born in Lipa on April 11, 1932 who was an oprhane at an early age. He was a baby when his father Timoteo, a baseball player, fell from a tree while picking fruits, broke his neck and died. His mother Carmen, suffering from cancer, followed a few years later. Aged 13 at the time, Lumbera chose his godparents because they could send him to school. He went on to study Literature at the University of Santo Tomas (Litt. B and MA degrees), eventually obtaining a PhD in Comparative Literature from Indiana University, United States. Lumbera’s foray into theater spawned some of his most successful works. For the Philippine Educational Theater Association, he created a musical based on Carlos Bulosan’s “America Is in the Heart.” Several highly acclaimed musical dramas followed, such as “Tales of the Manuvu,” “Rama Hari,” “Bayani,” “Noli Me Tangere: The Musical” and “Hibik at Himagsik nina Victoria Laktaw.” Sa Sariling Bayan: Apat na Dulang May Musika, an anthology of Lumbera's musical dramas, was published by De La Salle University-Manila Press in 2004. Lumbera authored numerous books, anthologies and textbooks such as: Revaluation; Pedagogy; Philippine Literature: A History and Anthology; Rediscovery: Essays in Philippine Life and Culture; Filipinos Writing: Philippine Literature from the Regions; and Paano Magbasa ng Panitikang Filipino: Mga Babasahing Pangkolehiyo. He later died on May 2011.

Awards:

• S. E. A. Write Award: Philippines

Famous Works:

• Tagalog Poetry, 1570-1898: Tradition and Influences in Its Development (1986)
• Likhang dila, likhang diwa (1993)
• Writing the nation (2000)
• Sa Sariling Bayan: Apat na Dulang May Musika (2003)
• Filipinos Writing: Philippine Literature from the Regions (2001)
• Re-viewing Filipino Cinema (2011)
• Paunang Salita: Pieces of a Teacher's Mind (2014)
• Anicipating Filipinas: Reading Bienvenido Lumbera as Critic (2006)

Cirilo F. Bautista

Biography:

            Cirilo Bautista was born in Manila, Commonwealth of the Philippines on July 9, 1941 and spent most of his childhood in Balic-Balic, Sampaloc. He graduated from the University of Santo Tomas with a degree in AB Literature magna cum laude. He earned his MA in Literature from St. Louis University magna cum laude and his doctorate in Language and Literature from De La Salle University. He remains the only Filipino to be given an honorary degree from the prestigious International Program at the University of Iowa. He had also won First Prize in the 1998 National Centennial Commission literary tilt. He received the Gawad Balagtas from the Unyon ng Manunulat ng Pilipinas, among many other accolades. Bautista had funded the Cirilo F. Bautista Prize for Short Fiction at the National Book Award and the separate Cirilo F. Bautista Prize for the Novel. He was also an avid painter, having exhibited his work professionally several times. Bautista died on May 6, 2018. He was laid to rest following a state funeral at the Libingan ng mga Bayani. 

        

Awards:

• Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Poetry
• Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Poetry in Filipino
• Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Essay
• Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Short Story

Famous Works:

• The Trilogy of Saint Lazarus (2001)
• Believe & Betray: New and Collected Poems (2006)
• The House of True Desire: Essays on Life and Literature (2010)
• Kirot ng kataga (1995)
• Stories (1990)
• Charts (1973)
• Words and Battlefields: A Theoria on the Poem (1998)
• Sunlight on Broken Stones: The Last in the Trilogy of Saint Lazarus (1999)
• Selected Poems (2016)
• 100 Poems (2011)
• The Cirilo F. Bautista Reader (1996)

Lazaro Francisco

Biography:

            Lazaro Francisco was born in Orani, Bataan on February 22, 1898 but he spent most of his childhood years in Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija. He took his college education at the Central Luzon Agricultural College but was not able to complete his studies due to poverty. He became a messenger of the Provincial Treasurer's Office of Nueva Ecija. Later on, he took third degree civil service examination where he qualified to become an assessor of the provincial government of Nueva Ecija. He started writing in 1925, with five of his novels took him to fame. Being an assessor in an agricultural province, most of his writings were focused on small farmers and their current conditions with foreign businessmen. This lead him to win separate awards from Commonwealth Literary Contest in 1940 and 1946, for his masterpieces, Singsing na Pangkasal and Tatsulok, respectively. He later died on May 6, 2018 in Manila, Philippines at the age of 76.

       

Awards:

• Balagtas Award (1969)
• Republic Cultural Heritage Award (1970)
• Patnubay ng Sining at Kalinangan Award

Famous Works:

• Binhi at Bunga (Seed and Fruit), 1925
• Cesar (1926)
• Ama (Father), 1929
• Bayang Nagpatiwakal (Country That Committed Suicide), 1931-1932
• Sa Paanan ng Krus (At the Cross' Foot), 1934
• Maganda pa ang Daigdig (1982)
• Daluyong (1961)
• Sugat ng Alaala (1995)
• Ilaw sa hilaga (1980)

Jose Garcia Villa

Biography:

            Jose Garcia Villa was born in Manila, Philippine Islands on August 5, 1908 who is a Filipino poet, literary critic, short story writer, and painter. His early path did not involve poetry. Instead he began a pre-medical course of study at the University of the Philippines, eventually switching to pre-law. After some time, Villa recognized that his true passion was in the creative arts, and his career as a writer began. In 1929, he published a collection of erotic poems called Man Songs. This collection was met with some controversy. But that same year, he was selected for the Best Story of the Year from the Philippine Free Press magazine for his story called Mir-l-Nisa. Villa moved from the university in the Philippines to attend the University of New Mexico where he went on to found Clay, a “mimeograph literary magazine.” After finishing his BA there, he moved to Columbia University for his post-graduate education. Villa has won numerous awards, including the 1973 National Artist of the Philippines for literature. His work in both poetry and challenging traditional poetic style continues to have an impact in modern poetry, both for members of the poetry community and other Asian American writers. He later died on February 7, 1997 in New york City United States at the age of 88. 

        

Awards:

• National Artist of the Philippines for Literature (1973)
• Guggenheim Fellowship for Creative Arts, US & Canada (1943)
• Academy Award for Literature (1943)
• Pro Patria Award for literature (1961)
• Heritage Award for poetry ans short stories (1962)
• National Artist for Literature (1973)

Famous Works:

• Doveglion
• The anchored angel
• Selected Poems and New (1958)
• The critical villa
• Appasionata: Poems in Praise of Love (1979)
• The Collected Stories of Jose Garcia Villa 
• The parlement of Giraffes: Poems for Children - Eight to Eighty (1994)

Levi Celerio

Biography:

            Levi Celerio was born in Tondo, Manila on April 30, 1910. Celerio studied at the Academy of Music, Manila. He is the National artist for music and literature in the year 1977. Levi has written lyrics over 4,000 songs throughtout his entire lifetime. He is in the Guinness Book of World Records being the only man who can play music using a mouth-blown leaf. Celerio is a great lyricist and composer for decades. He received his scholarship at the Academy of Music in Manila that made it possible for him to join the Manila Symphony Orchestra, becoming its youngest member. A great number of his songs have been written for the local movies, which earned for him the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Film Academy of the Philippines. Levi Celerio, more importantly, has enriched the Philippine music for no less than two generations with a treasury of more than 4,000 songs in an idiom that has proven to appeal to all social classes. He later died on April 2, 2002 in Quzon City, Metro Manila, Philippines at the age of 91. 

        

Awards:

• Awit Award for Best Christmas Recording (2004)
• Awit Award for Best Traditional Recording (1999)
• Lifetime Achievement Award (1989)
• Gawad Urian Award (1993)

Famous Works:

• Saan Ka Man Naroroon
• Kahit Konting Pagtingin
• Gaano Ko Ikaw Kamahal 
• Kapag Puso'y Sinufatan
• Ikaw
• Ang Pasko ay Sumapit
• Misa de Gallo
• Tinikling
• Itik Itik
• Ang Pipit
• Bagong Pagsilang
• Sa Ugoy ng Duyan

Sources: 

https://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/culture-profile/national-artists-of-the-philippines/resil-mojares/ 

https://maryjoydeguzman.wordpress.com/2016/07/29/edith-l-tiempo/

https://www.paperbackswap.com/Virgilio-S-Almario/author/#:~:text=Virgilio%20Senadren%20Almario%2C%20better%20known,completed%20his%20degree%20in%20A.B.

https://prabook.com/web/virgilio.almario/1772311

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgilio_S._Almario

http://gwhs-stg02.i.gov.ph/~s2govnccaph/about-culture-and-arts/culture-profile/national-artists-of-the-philippines/carlos-p-romulo/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_P._Romulo#:~:text=Carlos%20Pe%C3%B1a%20Romulo%2C%20QSC%2C%20CLH,and%20a%20publisher%20at%2032.

https://bioguideretro.congress.gov/Home/MemberDetails?memIndex=R000419

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Carlos-P-Romulo

http://gwhs-stg02.i.gov.ph/~s2govnccaph/about-culture-and-arts/culture-profile/national-artists-of-the-philippines/rolando-s-tinio/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolando_Tinio

https://www.tagaloglang.com/rolando-tinio/

https://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/culture-profile/national-artists-of-the-philippines/ramon-muzones/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramon_Muzones#:~:text=Ramon%20Muzones%20(March%2020%2C%201913,in%20the%20Philippines%20in%202018.&text=Muzones%20was%20born%20in%20Iloilo,Santiago%20Muzones%20and%20Florentina%20Larupay.

http://noypicollections.blogspot.com/2011/08/jose-garcia-villa-literature.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levi_Celerio

http://gwhs-stg02.i.gov.ph/~s2govnccaph/about-culture-and-arts/culture-profile/national-artists-of-the-philippines/levi-celerio/

https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/139809/bienvenido-lumbera-in-craft-as-in-life-forever-81/#:~:text=Lumbera%20was%20born%20in%201932,followed%20a%20few%20years%20later.

https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/293547/national-artist-literature-cirilo-f-bautista-76-writes-30/#:~:text=Bautista%20was%20born%20in%20Manila,MA%20in%20Literature%20from%20St.&text=Bautista%20had%20won%20nine%20Palanca,in%20both%20English%20and%20Filipino.

http://gwhs-stg02.i.gov.ph/~s2govnccaph/about-culture-and-arts/culture-profile/national-artists-of-the-philippines/lazaro-francisco/

wikiwand.com/en/Lázaro_Francisco

https://opinion.inquirer.net/119742/remembering-lazaro-francisco

http://lopezjohnecarlo.blogspot.com/2016/03/3-lazaro-francisco.html

https://english.colostate.edu/news/filipino-american-history-month-jose-garcia-villa/#:~:text=Jose%20Garcia%20Villa%2C%20a%20Filipino,1907%20in%20the%20Philippine%20Islands.&text=After%20some%20time%2C%20Villa%20recognized,career%20as%20a%20writer%20began.